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Prevention of Medical Errors: The Mandate for Change

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1.  The Pareto Principle is an assumption often referred to in Performance Improvement. This principle refers to:
  1. "Bad things happen to good people 50% of the time"
  2. Medical Errors are preventable when examining root causes 100% of the time
  3. 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes
  4. Only 25% of problems are due to people
  5. Performance Improvement is successful 75% of the time when Leadership is actively involved
2.  An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as injury caused by medical management rather than as an expected outcome of a patient's underlying condition. Which of the following is/are true regarding AEs:
  1. Approximately 2% of hospital admissions experience an AE
  2. AEs increase Length of Stay
  3. AEs increase cost by event by an average of $4700.
  4. AEs occur throughout the continuum of care
  5. all of the above
3.  Misuse is a healthcare problem that intersects with patient safety. The definition of misuse is as follows:
  1. Failure to provide an effective service that would produce a favorable outcome.
  2. Avoidable complications of appropriate care.
  3. Services provided when the risk of harm exceeds the potential benefits.
  4. Freedom from accidental injury.
  5. None of the above
4.  Quality aims to improve healthcare are:
  1. Safety
  2. Patient-centeredness
  3. Effectiveness
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above
5.  A well-functioning healthcare system should provide recommended levels of care:
  1. 50% of the time
  2. 75% of the time
  3. 25-50% of the time
  4. 80-90% of the time
  5. None of the above
6.  Suggestions that fit in the scheme of increasing consumer involvement in their own safe care include:
  1. Making sure those caring for you have washed their hands.
  2. Refusing a procedure when you do not have a family member present.
  3. Making sure the caregiver has correctly identified you before beginning a procedure on you.
  4. Telling your doctor what meds you are taking, including over the counter meds, herbs, vitamins or dietary supplements.
  5. All of the above
7.  Most healthcare institutions use the SBAR method of "hand off" communication:
  1. Site, Background, Accommodate, Refer
  2. Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
  3. Shift, Background, Assimilate, Refer
  4. Supervisor, Background, Acute, Refer
  5. None of the above
8.  Inadequate Healthcare Literacy costs real dollars: Longer hospitalizations, ineffective use of prescriptions and failure to comply with treatment plans results in an estimated annual cost of:
  1. $5-$15 Billion Dollars
  2. $25-$50 Billion Dollars
  3. Up to $73 Billion Dollars
  4. Over $100 Billion Dollars
  5. None of the above
9.  The following strategies is/are designed to improve verbal communication for persons with inadequate Healthcare Literacy:
  1. Mail information ahead of time
  2. Have a "shame-free" environment
  3. Facility well marked, with simple signs
  4. All of the above
10.  Which of the following populations are at risk for inadequate healthcare literacy?
  1. Multilingual persons with English as the Second Language.
  2. Education Less than 6th grade in US.
  3. Neurologically impaired patients over the age of 85.
  4. All of the above