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Comprehensive Management of Developmental Coordination Disorder

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1.  What percent of children are affected by DCD? 1-2% 2-3% 3-4% 5-6%

2.  Which of the following poses an increased risk for development of DCD? Female gender Intra-uterine growth restriction Prematurity (less than 32 weeks gestation) Prenatal steroid exposure

3.  When assessing for motor impairments, what is the cut-off score on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) that would indicate concern for DCD? Less than 5th percentile Less than 15th/16th percentile Less than 15th/16th percentile except less than 5th percentile for children ages 3-5 years There is no specific cutoff

4.  "Assessment - Criterion B" of the DSM-V criterion for DCD is that the motor impairments must significantly and persistently interfere with ADLs appropriate to chronological age and impacts school/vocational and leisure/play activities. All of the following tools can be used to determine if this criterion is met EXCEPT: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) Bruiniks-Osteresky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) Listening for DCD Checklist

5.  What signs would lead you toward recommending DCD as a diagnosis? Evidence of progressive deterioration Asymmetrical tone or strength Inability to imitate movement patterns Head trauma

6.  Differential diagnosis include all of the following EXCEPT: Attention Deficit & Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Genetic (Down's Syndrome) Musculoskeletal (Legg-Perthes, EDS) Cognitive (MR, DD)

7.  Neuroimaging studies of children with DCD have shown the following: Children with DCD showed relative over-activation in a network of brain regions associated with motor learning Children with DCD have a higher incidence of sensory processing difficulties Children with DCD activate more and different brain regions than typically developing children when performing a motor task Treatment of DCD normalizes the brain

8.  Task-oriented interventions: Address the motor task itself Use cognitive strategy and problem solving training Use a top-down approach All of the above

9.  Process-oriented interventions: Are harder and more time consuming for therapists to facilitate Involve repetition of the whole task multiple times in a single setting Address the body functions required to perform an activity Transfer improvement to other functional tasks

10.  Examples of task-based interventions for children with DCD include: Cognitive Orientation Approach to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Motor Learning Theory Sensory Integration Neuro-Developmental Theory (NDT)