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Pain Management in Long Term Care

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1.  Pain is defined as: A part of the body that hurts A throbbing sensation An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage A stabbing sensation with associated edema

2.  Pain can be classified as: Somatogenic and Psychogenic Acute Chronic All of the above

3.  Pain Management programming is an essential component of assessment and care planning in LTC in order to: Minimize/eliminate pain so the resident is able to perform his/her daily activities at the highest level of performance and independence Make family members feel better about the resident's care Meet State Survey Guideline Section F309 A and C

4.  Key components of establishing a pain management program include: Establishing resident identification and communication systems Provide ongoing facility training and education on therapy's role in pain management and carry over of therapy strategies after D/C from therapy services Train facility staff on how to identify signs and impairments related to pain All of the above

5.  Key components of candidate Identification include: Observation and Medical Record review Review of quality measures and facility lists Facility rounds and staff/caregiver interview All of the above

6.  A comprehensive pain assessment should include which of the following: Work Hardening Assessment Modified Barium Swallow assessment Non-verbal pain and behavioral assessment Fine motor skills assessment

7.  Which pain assessment has been found to be effective for assessing pain in those patients with moderate to severe dementia? Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Wong-Baker Pain Rating Scale Verbal Descriptor Scale

8.  Which of the following are common pain behaviors in cognitively impaired elderly individuals? Facial expressions such as grimacing, frowning, and rapid blinking Body Movements such as rocking, fidgeting, mobility changes Verbalizations such as moaning, chanting, calling out, and being verbally abusive All of the above

9.  Which of the following is true regarding the use of ultrasound when treating pain: Having your ultrasound unit calibrated at least annually is not important Once target tissue has reached optimal temperature, that temperature is only maintained 2- 4 minutes Bone only absorbs 3% of ultrasound energy The treatment area should be 5X the size of the transducer head

10.  The following are effective non-pharmacological treatment strategies for pain: Exercise and manual therapy Orthotics and positioning strategies Cognitive behavioral strategies and education All of the above