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An Introduction to Pediatric Bladder and Bowel Disorders, Part 2

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1.  It is found that in children with constipation and voiding dysfunction, many have: Decreased sensation and an increased tolerance to large volumes of stool in the colon Increase sensation at the rectum Usually no urinary issues Minimal tolerance to having stool in their colon

2.  In order to have a diagnosis of constipation, the child has to have: Greater than 3 bowel movements in a week Less than 3 bowel movements in a month Less than 3 bowel movements in a week for 2 consecutive weeks Frequent defecation

3.  A factor in constipation is: Decreased water Decreased fiber Decreased activity/playtime All of the above

4.  Encopresis is defined as: Diarrhea Pelvic pain Bedwetting Reflexive withholding of stool

5.  All of the following is included in behavioral therapy for bladder and bowel treatment EXCEPT: Biofeedback Antidiuretics Lifestyle modification Bowel and bladder diaries

6.  A treatment strategy using biofeedback is: Monitor muscles and teach during active voiding Teach isolation and relaxation without voiding Teach muscle coordination for proper elimination All of the above

7.  Indications for biofeedback include ALL EXCEPT: Normal flow pattern EMG activity during voiding Inability to initiate flow in absence of urgency Poor bladder emptying

8.  All of the following are lifestyle interventions EXCEPT: Exercise Fluid and diet modification Weight gain Nocturia management

9.  Proper toilet posture includes: Bent hips and knees Knees higher than hips Elbows on knees All of the above

10.  Common bowel and bladder irritants include ALL EXCEPT: Caffeine Water Tomato products Soda