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Post-Stroke Apathy and Depression: Addressing Psychosocial Barriers to Patient Success

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1.  Post-stroke apathy is primarily defined as a deficit in… emotional connection to others goal-directed behavior cognitive status problem solving skills

2.  A clinical feature that distinguishes post-stroke apathy from post-stroke depression is that patients who are primarily apathetic will report Feeling sadness Feeling more interest in their relationships Lack of interest but no associated sadness Sleep deprivation

3.  The prevalence of post-stroke depression and apathy is… About 33% for both conditions Less for depression than apathy Higher for females Lower for patients with lower education levels

4.  To quantify patient apathy post-stroke, clinicians can utilize… A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Apathy Evaluation Scale - Clinician Version (AES – C) Verbal description of current feelings Barthel Index

5.  A _____ score on the Apathy Evaluation Scale indicates _____ apathy. Lower score, higher apathy Higher score, higher apathy Higher score, lower apathy Lower score, moderate apathy

6.  Areas of the brain most often implicated in BOTH apathy and depression include: Occipital lobe including dorsal and ventral stream Temporal lobe including fusiform gyrus and superior temporal gyrus Frontal lobe including the anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia Parietal lobe including lateral and ventral intraparietal areas

7.  The OPTIMAL theory promotes motor learning by increasing learner autonomy through which below? Encouraging words Focusing on incorrect movement patterns Enhanced expectancies and external focus of attention Constant feedback from a therapist

8.  An example of having a patient set goals consistent with the OPTIMAL theory for their session includes: Having the patient state, "I want to walk." Asking the patient, "What do you think is a good target to walk towards this time?" Telling the patient, "You need to decide what you want life to look like after you return home." Having a dependent patient set a goal to ambulate without assistance

9.  Patients with a higher level of depression have a higher rate of: Acute care hospital discharge Poor functional outcomes Social integration into the community Success with goal setting

10.  Which of these is an example of helping a patient develop more autonomy through making small choices each session? Allowing the patient to decline therapy based on lack of interest Having the patient choose which therapist they work with Letting the patient select between two appropriate assistive devices prior to a standing or ambulating task Asking the patient to name preferred foods as they walk